Phylum Echinodermata
Animal with five-way symmetry of the body more or less covered with calcareous plates or needles.
Taxonomic structureSpeciesDescriptionAuthorsLiterature
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Class HolothuroideaKey features are not set |
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Class EchinoideaKey features are not set |
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Class AsteroideaKey features are not set |
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Class OphiuroideaKey features are not set |
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Class CrinoideaKey features are not set |
Echinoderm is the common name given to any member of the phylum Echinodermata (from Ancient Greek, ἐχῖνος, echinos – "hedgehog" and δέρμα, derma – "skin")[2] of marine animals. The adults are recognizable by their (usually five-point) radial symmetry, and include such well-known animals as sea stars, sea urchins, sand dollars, and sea cucumbers, as well as the sea lilies or "stone lilies".[3]Echinoderms are found at every ocean depth, from the intertidal zone to the abyssal zone. The phylum contains about 7000 living species,[4] making it the second-largest grouping of deuterostomes (a superphylum), after the chordates (which include the vertebrates, such as birds, fishes, mammals, and reptiles). Echinoderms are also the largest phylum that has no freshwater or terrestrial (land-based) representatives.
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1. PhD Zakharov Denis V.The project leader Academic degree: PhD |
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2. Zimina Olga L.The project leader Occupation: scientist |
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5. PhD Strelkova (Anisimova) Natalya A.Academic degree: PhD |
- Grainger, E.H. (1966). Sea stars (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) of Arctic North America. Bulletin of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 152: 1-70;
- Hayward, P.J., Ryland, J.S. (Ed.) (1990). The marine fauna of the British Isles and North-West Europe: 2. Molluscs to Chordates. Clarendon Press: Oxford, UK. ISBN 0-19-857515-7. 386 pp. ;
- http://www.marinespecies.org/index.php;
- Mortensen, Th. Handbook of the echinoderms of the British Isles / Th. Mortensen. – London: Oxford University Press. – 1927. – Vol. 27. – 461 p.;
- Thomson, C. Wyville (1873) Depths of the Sea : an account of the General Results of the Dredging Cruises of H.M.SS. 'Porcupine' and 'Lightning' During the Summers of 1868, 1869, and 1870 under the Scientific Direction of Dr. Carpenter, F.R.S., J.Gwyn Jeff;
- Анисимова Н.А. Иглокожие (Echinodermata) Баренцева моря. Экология массовых видов иглокожих. - В кн.: Современный бентос Баренцева и Карского морей. Апатиты: изд-во Кольского научного центра РАН, 2000. С. 300-347.;
- Дьяконов А.М. Иглокожие северных морей. В серии: Определители по фауне СССР, издаваемые Зоологическим институтом Академии Наук. Вып 8. Ленинград: Изд-во Академии Наук СССР, 1933. 166 с.;
- Дьяконов А.М. Морские звезды морей СССР. В серии: Определители по фауне СССР, издаваемые Зоологическим институтом Академии Наук СССР. Вып 34. Л.-М.: Изд-во Академии Наук СССР, 1950. 203 с.;
- Дьяконов, А.М. Иглокожие северных морей / А.М. Дьяконов // Определители по фауне СССР. – Л.: Изд-во АН СССР, 1933. – 166 с. (Определители по фауне СССР, издаваемые Зоологическим ин-том АН СССР, вып. 8).;
- Смирнов А.В. Виды Pteraster obscurus (Perrier, 1891) и P. octaster Verrill? 1909 (Asteroidea: Pterasteridae) / Беспозвоночные прибрежных биоценозов Северного Ледовитого и Тихого Океанов //Исследования фауны морей, вып. 29(37), Л., 1982. С. 102-113.;